Always use map evidence in your answer.

Explain why land is suitable for forestry?

• Access for machinery and workers using tracks and roads.

• Suitable climate - evidence of other trees growing and rivers which show plenty of water

• Gently or steeply sloping land, which would be unsuitable for use for forestry or housing. Can't be on cliffs as the soil needs to be thick enough to grow trees.

Explain why land is suitable for renewable energy?

• Hydroelectric energy needs dams to keep a constant supply of water. These are usually built in narrow river valleys so that the dams don't need to be too large. The river will be able to supply water.

• Wind energy needs open areas without other hills getting in the way of the wind. Open, high areas of land are suitable for this. It also needs to be away from places which have a lot of tourism or housing as they can cause visual pollution.

Explain why land is suitable for recreation and tourism?

• Things for tourists to do - visitor centres, museums, historical buildings, outdoor activities, tourist information centres

• Places for tourists to stay - hotels, campsites/caravan sites, hostels

Explain why land is suitable for agriculture?

• For arable farming, areas should be gently sloping to make sure fields are well drained. They need access for large machinery (e.g. combine harvesters) and be sheltered so that crops aren't flattened by the wind.

• For livestock farming, areas should have suitable access for machinery (e.g. quads). Areas can be flat or sloping and farmers may use buildings like barns. Remote areas could be used for hill sheep farming which is suitable for some breeds of sheep who need less attention.

Explain why land is suitable for industry?

• In limestone areas, limestone rock can be quarried. The quarried rock is used for cement which could be produced on site or further afield.

• Quarries should be out of sight (either far from villages or screened with trees) but have near access on to a main road. They should be situated away from farmland and small villages. 

Example 1 - Forestry vs tourism & recreation

Describe - What land uses are in conflict here?

• Forestry want to plant, grow and harvest commercial forestry for timber or regenerate areas of natural forestry

• Tourists want to use the landscape for walking, mountain biking and holidaying

Explain - why is there a conflict? Explain - how can these conflicts be solved?

Forest managers want to maintain decent paths to keep tourists in safe areas of the forest. Mountain bikes and walkers can erode paths causing build ups of mud and path widening. This can be solved by upgrading paths using gravel and cross-drains. 

Forestry operations can be restricted at certain times of year due to forestry events (e.g. Strathpuffer). This means that planting and harvesting have to be planned around this. This can be solved by using a forest management plans and avoiding work at times of year (e.g. in January, for the Strathpuffer).

Overnight parking or inappropriate parking can block access for forest machinery along tracks and through gates. This can be solved by having rangers monitoring car parks and charging for overnight stays, like they do at Rogie Falls.

Example 2 - Renewable energy vs tourism & recreation

Describe - What land uses are in conflict here?

• Renewable energy is generated to provide people with access to cheap, affordable and clean electricity. Dams are installed on narrow river valleys and power stations opened nearby.

• Tourists and locals use rivers for salmon fishing. This contributes to the local economy as people spend money on permits, accommodation and food.

Explain - why is there a conflict?

Salmon need to access the upper river in order to breed. Hydroelectric dams can block their path or make this harder to do. Salmon ladders can be installed which helps salmon jump up pools to access the river above the dams. 

Dams and power stations bring industrial looking structures to remote, beautiful areas. This creates visual pollution which ruins the views for visitors. Dams can be built outside areas of natural scenic beauty. Have now moved to micro-hydro schemes which have less of a visual impact.

More power lines are installed near power stations, which present a danger to fishermen who can be electrocuted if they touch them with their rod or line. Signs are used in areas popular with fishing to warn people of the danger.

As the depression approaches, air pressure will fall steadily.

Temperature - the temperature will begin to rise as the warm front approaches. As the warm sector of the depression moves over, the temperature is milder. Next, the cold front will approach which will cause the temperature to fall as cooler air replaces warmer air on the Earth's surface. 

Wind speed - As the isobars are closer together behind the cold front, winds will become stronger.

Wind direction - The wind goes from South-East to South-West direction because the wind goes anticlockwise around the low pressure and the isobars show the approximate direction. The direction of the isobars changes after the cold front, explaining why the wind will change direction from South-West to West.

Cloud cover - The warm front will bring nimbostratus clouds. The cold front brings tall, heavy, cumulonimbus clouds. As the cold front moves over, it will bring clearer conditions. 

Precipitation - The warm front will bring steady rainfall as the fronts bring rain. As the warm sector moves over, the precipitation eases but there may still be drizzle. As the cold front moves past, the cloud cover causes heavy rainfall. Then as the cold front moves away there are less clouds which gives periods of sunshine.

The area is experiencing an area of high air pressure (anticyclone) in winter.

Temperature - this is very cold (-4 degrees) because an anticyclone brings clear skies with no cloud. In winter, this allows heat from the sun to escape and so temperatures at the Earth's surface are low.

Wind speed - the wind will be light as the isobars are far apart.

Wind direction - this will be westerly because, in an anticyclone, winds blow clockwise in the northern hemisphere.

Cloud cover - we woule expect there to be no cloud because there are no cold or warm fronts. However, the sky is obscured because of the fog.

Precipitation - there is winter fog because the sinking air in high pressure anticyclones can trap moisture close to the ground. This usually happens early in the morning and the synoptic chart is for 6am.